Abstract

El análisis de contenido de las declaraciones basado en criterios de realidad (hipótesis Undeutsch) se ha mostrado como una herramienta válida para la discriminación entre memorias de hechos auto-experimentados y memorias fabricadas. Sin embargo, numerosa evidencia científica proviene de experimentos en los que las memorias reales fueron sustituidas por memorias de hechos visionados. No existe evidencia para sostener que los criterios de realidad discriminen entre memorias de hechos auto-experimentados y fabricadas a partir de un evento visto en vídeo. Para conocer si los criterios de realidad disciernen entre ambas memorias, se obtuvo el testimonio (entrevista cognitiva) de 30 adultos de una memoria autobiográfica (auto-experimentado) y una memoria fabricada a partir del visionado de un vídeo. Los resultados mostraron que el total de criterios de realidad del CBCA (Criteria-Based Content Analysis), así como ciertos criterios de realidad discriminaron entre ambas memorias en línea con la hipótesis Undeutsch. Otros criterios no discriminaron, resultaron improductivos e incluso contrarios a la hipótesis. Un patrón similar fue encontrado para la tasa de la memoria auto-experimentada. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la práctica forense.

Resumen

Statement content analysis based on reality criteria (Undeutsch hypothesis) has revealed as a valid instrument to discriminate between memories of self-experienced events (real-life) and fabricated memories of accounts. Nevertheless, much of the available scientific evidence provides from experiments where real-life memories were substituted by memories of events seen video (non-experienced). As for knowing if reality criteria do discriminate between self-experienced memories and fabricated memories of events seen in a video, the testimony of 30 adult participants was obtained about an autobiographic event (self-experienced) and about of an event seen on video (fabricated). The results showed that the total CBCA (Criteria-Based Content Analysis) criteria, as well as several reality criteria discriminated between both memories in line with the Undeutsch hypothesis. Nonetheless, other reality criteria did not discriminate, were unproductive or discriminated against the hypothesis. A similar pattern of outcomes was found for the classification rate of the selfexperienced memory. The implications of the results for forensic practice are discussed.

Palabras clave

Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA); credibilidad; testimonio; memoria de hechos auto-experimentados, memoria fabricada de hechos, criterios de realidad.

Keywords

Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA); credibility; testimony; memory of self-experienced events, fabricated memories of events, reality criteria.